Fallopian tube problems are the cause of 30 per cent of infertility in couples all over the world. Fallopian tube function is vital in a natural spontaneous or Ovulation Induction or Intrauterine Insemination conception. The mechanism is such that the tube picks up the egg after ovulation, transports it to the center of the tube, guides the sperm towards the egg and facilitates fertilization. After fertilization, it pushes the embryo into the uterine cavity at the right time for implantation and conception.
Having only one fallopian tube does induce a negative conception premise but it is still possible to produce a viable pregnancy. The factors to consider should include the following:
1. During each menstrual cycle, one egg is usually released from one of the ovaries, about 14 days after the last menstrual period. This process is called ovulation. The egg then travels into the funnel-shaped end of one of the fallopian tubes, where it can potentially be fertilized by sperm.
2. After ejaculation during intercourse, a few sperm are transported upward from the vagina through the uterus and fallopian tubes to reach the ampullae of the fallopian tubes near the ovarian ends. Contractions of the uterus and fallopian tubes help in this transport process.
3. The functionality of only possessing one fallopian tube compromises pregnancy, however there have been recorded cases where women have successfully conceived and had children using their remaining ovary and opposite fallopian tube.
4. There are diagnostic tests available to access tubal patency to determine if the tube is open, using laparoscopy or hysterosalpingography
Treatment of a defective fallopian tube can entail antibiotics to which may be prescribed if a pelvic infection is diagnosed.
- Laparoscopy or hysteroscopy can be done to dislodge or remove any abnormal tissue.
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) may be recommended as an alternative for conception when natural methods are not successful.
- Surgery can repair a damaged fallopian tube caused by conditions like ectopic pregnancy or infection but decreasing the chances of pregnancy as well.
5. Assisted reproductive technologies: In cases where natural conception is not possible, assisted reproductive techniques like IVF can be considered.
6. It's important to note that there may be an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy (implantation outside the uterus) both before and after surgical interventions on the fallopian tube(s). Multiple pregnancies can also occur with fertility treatments, which carry their own risks and complications.
7. The age of the woman plays a significant role in fertility. As women get older, their fertility declines, regardless of whether they have one or two fallopian tubes.
